This booklet “Health and Healthcare in West Bengal” brings together key findings from four-year research programme “Health Financing Fragmentation and Universal Health Coverage Brazil, Colombia, Mexico and India: India study” conducted in West Bengal between 2022 and 2026. The study responds to growing policy concern around the coexistence of multiple financing sources, schemes, risk pools, benefits, and purchasing arrangements, and their effects on access, efficiency, and equity within the health system. Fragmentation in health financing has important implications for health system performance, equity, financial protection, and continuity of care. The research study focuses on the nature, drivers and implications of health financing fragmentation and provide lessons for progress towards universal health coverage. The study uses a range of epidemiological, statistical, econometric, and policy analysis methods to analyse locally collected and collated data to examine demand side and supply side drivers of health financing fragmentation in the state.