Advanced technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI) have shown great potential in achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), yet, little is known on how they influence the key factors that drive firm SDG achievement. This study conducts a systematic literature review and synthesizes scholarly articles, identifying nine theoretical concepts and presenting testable propositions. It argues that the extent of AI implementation strengthens both the internal and external factors driving SDG achievement, ultimately enhancing firm’s environmental and financial performance. The study also identifies key theories and perspectives used in extant literature and proposes multiple research questions to guide future research. Our findings hold implications for practitioners and scholars, demonstrating how organizations can effectively leverage AI for SDG achievement while also benefitting from superior environmental and financial performance.