This chapter situates visual ethnography within the broader evolution of ethnographic research, tracing the shift from conventional participant observation to methods such as digital and visual approaches. It reviews key debates on power, representation, and ethics, highlighting narrative and visual storytelling as central to engaging with marginalized voices. By discussing positionality, authorship, and participatory methods, it lays the conceptual foundation for later case studies. The chapter shows how contemporary ethnography engages with socio-economic and spatial inequalities, reframing research as a collaborative and politically engaged practice.