Ali Shariati’s framework of the binary between Red Shi‘sm and Black Shi‘sm needs to be revisited in the context of the US–Israeli war on Iran in 2026. The Red–Black binary is insufficient for understanding the political theology of the Islamic Republic after decades of sanctions and external pressure. Drawing on Frantz Fanon, it proposes the concept of Resistance Shi‘ism to describe the convergence of anti-hegemonic theology with state institutions.