Industry 5.0 is a human-centric approach toward the transformation of the industries based on Industry 4.0 by combining the sophisticated technologies, such as artificial intelligence (AI), Robotics, and Internet of Things to unleash the potential of human-machine collaboration, sustainability, and well-being of the society. This technologically based transformation of biological wastewater treatment plants poses various ethical conundrums, leading to modern challenges, that is, data privacy and security, risk of sensitive operational information being exploited, environmental risk, workforce and social inequity, unequal access to water, etc., which can deepen the vulnerabilities of marginalized populations. Additionally, the bioethical considerations associated with AI-driven biotechnology, particularly in the context of microbial genetic modifications, present potential threats to ecological systems. The replacement of low-skilled workers by advanced technology raises issues like socio-economic, unemployment, etc.; however, it also opens other avenues for reskilling and the generation of new employment opportunities. This chapter underscores the significance of corporate social responsibility and emphasizes the need for transparent decision-making processes that involve stakeholders, including policymakers and local communities, to ensure fair access to clean water. A comprehensive ethical framework encompassing multiple disciplines is crucial for responsible management of these technologies, ensuring a balance between innovation and prioritizing human and environmental values. In addition, it also covers ethical frameworks and policy recommendations tailored to foster the sustainable, socially acceptable, and responsible incorporation of Industry 5.0 technologies into biological wastewater treatment plants. This chapter also align with the United Nations Sustainanbility Development Goals; SDG-6, SDG-7, SDG-9, SDG-12, SDG-13 and SDG-3.