Caste-based atrocities against Scheduled Castes, the ex-untouchables at the bottom of the social hierarchy in India, are surging despite the existence of comprehensive legal and constitutional mechanisms designed to safeguard their rights, including the most remarkable, the Untouchability Offences Act and the Prevention of Atrocities Act. The targeted violence of different gravities against them raises an alarm of human rights violations in the country. The article critically analyses the recent patterns of caste atrocities using some of the major incidents of caste-based violence and examines the underlying reasons for hate crimes against Scheduled Castes in India. A qualitative method, document analysis, and case studies are employed, drawing inferences from sources such as National Crime Records Bureau data, newspaper reports on incidents of caste-based discrimination, and other relevant secondary sources, including scholarly articles and books. The findings indicate that the inadequate institutional responses and the apathy of state enforcement agencies, knitted in caste networks, remain the major weak links in the chain of an effective implementation of laws to stop the increasing crimes against Scheduled Castes. The continuing structural inequalities along with regime-specific intensification of violence, prolonged political patronage, and favouritism that cater for the traditional social hierarchy have provided a conducive environment to enable impunity of the perpetrators and reproduce violence against Scheduled Castes. To resolve the problems identified in the findings, it is suggested that a more proactive role of the government, such as massive social awareness campaigns, is significant to curb caste-based violence and protect the human rights of marginalised sections in India.