Objectives
We report findings on risk and resilience factors related to depression, their associations and combined interactions among older adolescents (15–19 years) living in urban slums in India.

Methods
A total of 3490 older adolescents participated. Patient Health Questionnaire-9 was used to assess depression, stressful life events questions and Slum Adversity Questionnaire for risk factors, and Adolescent Resilience Questionnaire for resilience. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression models were used to explore associations and interactions.

Results
Depression increased as the number of stressful events and slum adversities increased. The odds ratio of depression among participants with stressful events was 2.71 (95% CI 1.89–3.88, p < 0.001). The odds of depression among those experiencing slum adversities were 2.36 (95% CI 1.81–3.08, p < 0.001). Those with low resilience scores were more likely to report depression (OR 1.83, 95%CI1.41–2.89, p < 0.001). An overall significant association was seen between depression, and the interaction of stressful events and resilience [OR 1.63, 95%CI1.06–2.53, p = 0.026].

Discussion
This study highlights the combined interactions and associations of socio-ecological risk and resilience factors (individual, interpersonal, organizational, communal, policy and societal) that are related to depressive symptoms and wellbeing of older adolescents living in impoverished conditions.