When Nepal’s security forces opened fire on demonstrators in September 2025, killing at least 75 people, they exposed a fundamental flaw in how international human rights law operates across South Asia. Police fired 2,642 live rounds into crowds that included schoolchildren, starting barely five minutes after declaring emergency curfew, aiming for heads and chests. Yet four months later, as Nepal prepares for its Universal Periodic Review on January 21, 2026, not a single officer has faced prosecution. This gap between what the law requires and what states face when they violate it reveals how treaty obligations can exist on paper while enforcement remains absent in practice, particularly where no binding adjudication exists to compel compliance.