India, being one of the developing countries, suffers from unequal access to opportunities, which further marginalises vulnerable groups. As of 2023, about 16% of the global population is experiencing disability. According to the United Nations Disability and Development Report 2024, in developing countries, access to the internet amongst persons with disabilities is 11 per cent lower than that of those without any disability.

The Supreme Court of India, in the recent judgement in Pragya Prasun v. Union of India (2025) on April 30, 2025, reaffirmed the inextricable connection between human and health rights and technology. This case emerged from the lived realities of the visually impaired persons and acid attack survivors, who were excluded from the integral everyday life financial transactions due to their inability to participate in the digital Know Your Customer (KYC) process, which violated their fundamental right to life and personal liberty under Article 21 of the Indian Constitution.